The
Factories Act, 1948 is a piece of legislation enacted by the Government of
India to regulate the working conditions in factories. It was enacted to ensure
adequate safety measures and promote the health and welfare of workers employed
in factories. The Act applies to factories engaged in manufacturing processes
and covers various aspects such as working hours, conditions of work, safety,
health, welfare, and employment of young persons.
Key provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 include:
Licensing and Registration: The Act requires factories to obtain a license before
commencement of operations. It also mandates the registration of factories employing
a certain number of workers.
Working Hours: It regulates the working hours of adult workers and
prescribes overtime rates for work beyond the normal hours.
Health and Safety: The Act mandates provisions for maintaining a safe
working environment, including measures related to ventilation, temperature,
cleanliness, and prevention of accidents. It also requires the provision of
first aid facilities and precautions against hazardous processes.
Welfare Provisions: The Act includes provisions for welfare amenities
such as canteens, restrooms, drinking water, and washing facilities for
workers.
Employment of Young Persons: It regulates the employment of young persons and
prohibits the employment of children below a certain age in factories.
Annual Leave with Wages: The Act mandates annual leave with wages for workers
based on the number of days worked in a year.
Penalties: It specifies penalties for contravention of the
provisions of the Act to ensure compliance.
The Factories Act, 1948 has been amended several times to keep up with changing industrial practices and to enhance the safety and welfare of workers. It is enforced by the respective State Governments in India, which appoint inspectors to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Act.
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